Runway Visual Range (RVR)

What is Runway Visual Range (RVR)?

RVR is the measured distance over which a pilot on the runway centerline can see the runway surface markings or lights. It is provided in meters and is measured by dedicated transmissometers or forward scatter meters installed along the runway.

RVR vs Visibility

While meteorological visibility gives a general sense of how far objects can be seen, RVR specifically addresses the pilot's view along the runway. For take-off and landing, RVR is the preferred value when available, as it directly relates to the pilot's operational needs.

RVR Minima and Measurement

Take-off and landing minima are often expressed as RVR values, which vary depending on runway lighting, approach aids, and aircraft/crew approvals. For example:

• Standard take-off minima may require 400 m RVR or more without special approvals.
• With low visibility take-off (LVTO) approval and enhanced lighting (edge and centerline lights), minima can be as low as 150 m, or even 125 m with high-intensity lighting and additional requirements.
• For landing, RVR minima depend on approach type (CAT I, II, III) and available lighting systems (FALS, IALS, BALS, NALS).

RVR is typically reported at three points: touchdown zone (TDZ), midpoint (MID), and rollout (RO). All relevant RVR values must meet or exceed the required minima for the operation to proceed.

Operational Use and Pilot Assessment

If RVR is not reported, or the reported value seems inconsistent, the pilot may use direct visual assessment for the initial part of the take-off run. However, the required minima must still be met for all relevant runway segments.

Special Considerations

• For RVR below 125 m, strict requirements apply: high-intensity centerline lights at 15 m spacing, CAT III runway protection, and approved aircraft systems (e.g., HUD).
• The lowest possible operational RVR is 75 m, but only with specific equipment and aerodrome facilities.

RVR and Runway Condition Codes

RVR is also considered alongside runway condition codes, which indicate braking action. Poor braking or contamination may require higher RVR minima or prohibit operations.