VOR Radials and Bearings

VOR Radials Explained

A VOR (Very High Frequency Omnidirectional Range) transmits 360 radials, each corresponding to a magnetic bearing from the station. The radial number matches the magnetic direction from the VOR to the aircraft. For example, if you are on the 090° radial, you are east of the VOR, and the station lies to your west.

Bearings and Their Relationship

The bearing to the VOR is always the reciprocal of the radial. If you are on the 090° radial, your bearing to the station is 270° (i.e., you must fly west to reach it). On navigation charts and instruments, VOR radials are referenced to magnetic north, except in rare polar regions where true or grid north may be used.

How to Read VOR Instruments

To interpret a VOR, align your aircraft's position with the indicated radial. The OBS (Omni Bearing Selector) on the VOR receiver allows you to select a radial and determine if you are 'to' or 'from' the station. The CDI (Course Deviation Indicator) shows your position relative to the selected radial.

Plotting and Navigation

When plotting VOR radials on a chart, use a protractor aligned with magnetic north at the VOR's location. Draw the radial outward to locate your position or cross-check with another VOR for a fix. Always use the magnetic variation at the VOR when converting to true bearings for chart work, and account for convergency on long-range tracks.

Practical Use in Navigation

VOR navigation is line-of-sight and limited by terrain and altitude. For accurate fixes, use two VORs and plot their radials; your position is where they intersect. Combining VOR with DME (Distance Measuring Equipment) provides both bearing and distance for precise navigation.