Aircraft Nationality and Registration

Aircraft Nationality Explained

An aircraft's nationality is determined solely by its State of registration. The State of Registry is responsible for the aircraft’s legal status, regulatory compliance, and international obligations. Aircraft cannot be registered in more than one State at any time—dual registration is strictly prohibited. If an aircraft changes registration, it must be formally deregistered from the previous State before being registered in another.

Registration Marks and Their Assignment

The State of Registry (or a designated common mark registering authority) assigns both nationality and registration marks. These marks are unique identifiers: the nationality mark indicates the registering State, while the registration mark is a unique code for the individual aircraft. In some cases, a common mark may be used for aircraft registered by an authority acting on behalf of multiple States.

Display and Documentation Requirements

Nationality and registration marks must be displayed on the aircraft’s exterior in specified locations for clear identification during flight and on the ground. Additionally, an identification plate bearing these marks must be affixed to the airframe. The Certificate of Registration, which documents these details and the owner’s information, must be carried on board during all flights, except in rare national exceptions for strictly local operations.

Airworthiness and Continuing Oversight

The State of Registry is also responsible for issuing the Certificate of Airworthiness (CofA) and ensuring the aircraft’s ongoing airworthiness. The CofA is mandatory for legal operation, and its issuance requires compliance with design, maintenance, and safety standards as specified by the relevant aviation regulations.